环境类话题是雅思写作的高频话题，专业词汇较多，但论点相对固定。
掌握本页的核心词汇和范文原句，你就能应对绝大多数环境类考题。
| 场景 | 核心词 | 关联范文 |
|---|
| 责任归属 | systemic, complementary, top-down/bottom-up | 06 环保责任属于政府还是个人 |
| 交通政策 | disproportionately, pedestrianised, graduated | 07 应该禁止市中心私人汽车吗 |
| 能源利用 | renewable, fossil fuels, carbon footprint | 7.3 传统能源与清洁能源 |
| 气候变化 | irreversible, extreme weather, carbon emissions | [[7.0 环境类话题总览 |
| 词汇 | 含义 | 范文原句 |
|---|
| systemic nature | 系统性本质 | Problems like climate change result from industrial processes and market failures that only governments can address due to their systemic nature. |
| regulate industries | 监管行业 | Only governments possess the power to regulate industries and set emissions standards. |
| top-down framework | 自上而下的框架 | Without this top-down framework, individual efforts remain scattered and insufficient. |
| enforce environmental laws | 执行环保法律 | Governments must enforce environmental laws to ensure compliance. |
| coordinate international agreements | 协调国际协议 | Only governments can coordinate international agreements on climate. |
| invest in renewable energy | 投资可再生能源 | Governments should invest in renewable energy infrastructure. |
| 词汇 | 含义 | 范文原句 |
|---|
| collective change | 集体改变 | Collective change begins with personal choices. |
| market pressure | 市场压力 | Personal choices create market pressure that influences corporate behaviour. |
| cultural change | 文化改变 | Cultural change starts with individuals; when enough people adopt environmentally conscious lifestyles, social norms shift. |
| citizen buy-in | 公民支持/认同 | Without citizen buy-in, even the best policies fail. |
| public compliance | 公众遵守 | Regulations are only as effective as public compliance. |
| 词汇 | 含义 | 范文原句 |
|---|
| urban air pollution | 城市空气污染 | Motor vehicles are a major source of urban air pollution, contributing to respiratory diseases. |
| traffic congestion | 交通拥堵 | Traffic congestion wastes billions of hours annually. |
| pedestrianised zones | 步行区 | Pedestrianised zones can revitalise commercial areas and make cities more liveable. |
| hostile to pedestrians | 对行人不友好 | Streets dominated by cars are hostile to pedestrians and cyclists. |
| exhaust fumes | 汽车尾气 | Exhaust fumes cause respiratory and cardiovascular problems. |
| 词汇 | 含义 | 范文原句 |
|---|
| disproportionately affect | 不成比例地影响 | A blanket prohibition would disproportionately affect those who cannot easily walk or use public transport. |
| blanket prohibition | 一刀切的禁令 | A blanket prohibition raises serious practical and equity concerns. |
| displace traffic | 转移交通流量 | A ban would simply displace traffic to surrounding areas rather than solving the problem. |
| adequate alternatives | 充足的替代方案 | Without adequate alternatives in place, a ban creates more problems. |
| one-size-fits-all | 一刀切的 | Good policy should not impose one-size-fits-all solutions. |
| 词汇 | 含义 | 用法示例 |
|---|
| climate change / global warming | 气候变化/全球变暖 | Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges of our time. |
| carbon emissions | 碳排放 | Aviation is a major contributor to carbon emissions. 11 国际旅游的利与弊 |
| greenhouse effect | 温室效应 | The greenhouse effect traps heat in the atmosphere. |
| irreversible damage | 不可逆转的损害 | We must act before causing irreversible damage to the planet. |
| extreme weather events | 极端天气事件 | Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent. |
| rising sea levels | 海平面上升 | Rising sea levels threaten coastal cities. |
| 词汇 | 含义 | 用法示例 |
|---|
| environmental degradation | 环境恶化 | Environmental degradation is one of the most pressing challenges of our time. 06 环保责任属于政府还是个人 |
| deforestation | 森林砍伐 | Deforestation is not caused by individual choices alone. |
| market failures | 市场失灵 | Environmental problems result from industrial processes and market failures. |
| loss of biodiversity | 生物多样性丧失 | Loss of biodiversity disrupts ecosystems. |
| plastic waste | 塑料垃圾 | Plastic waste pollutes oceans and harms marine life. |
| 词汇 | 含义 | 用法示例 |
|---|
| sustainable development | 可持续发展 | Sustainable development meets present needs without compromising future generations. |
| renewable energy | 可再生能源 | Governments should invest in renewable energy infrastructure. 06 环保责任属于政府还是个人 |
| sustainable practices | 可持续实践 | Promoting sustainable tourism practices that preserve destinations. 11 国际旅游的利与弊 |
| eco-friendly | 环保的 | Consumers should choose eco-friendly products. |
| carbon footprint | 碳足迹 | Individuals can reduce their carbon footprint by using public transport. |
| 词汇 | 含义 | 范文原句 |
|---|
| congestion charges | 拥堵费 | Congestion charges can significantly reduce car use in city centres. |
| low-emission zones | 低排放区 | Low-emission zones restrict polluting vehicles. |
| graduated restrictions | 渐进式限制 | Graduated restrictions offer a more practical path forward. |
| carbon tax | 碳税 | A carbon tax incentivises companies to reduce emissions. |
| environmental regulations | 环保法规 | Strict environmental regulations are necessary. |
这些表达在几乎所有环境类题目中都能用：
点击查看答案
- market failures
- complementary
- disproportionately affect
- displace
- criminalise
